The most recent version 0.4.25 release of Solidity fixes
two essential bugs.
One other essential bug has already been fastened in model 0.4.22 but it surely was solely found just lately that the bug existed.
Be aware that the Ethereum Basis runs a bounty program for the code generator a part of Solidity.
Cleanup of Exponent in Exponentiation
- Probability of incidence: very low
- Exploitability: excessive
- Discoverability by assessments: low
- Fastened in model: 0.4.25
Abstract: Utilizing quick varieties within the exponent of an exponentiation operation can result in invalid outcomes.
The Solidity language permits integer varieties which can be shorter than 256 bits, regardless that the Ethereum Digital Machine
solely is aware of varieties of precisely 256 bits. Due to that, increased order bits should be set to zero every now and then.
For a lot of operations, it isn’t related whether or not these bits are set to zero or not (addition is one instance).
Due to that, the Solidity compiler delays this cleanup till it’s wanted as a way to save gasoline.
Within the very particular circumstance that the exponent of the ** operator has a kind that’s shorter
than 256 bits, however not shorter than the kind of the bottom and incorporates soiled increased order bits,
this will result in an incorrect outcome. Be aware that literal exponents like in x ** 2 in addition to
the case the place the kind of the bottom is uint256 or int256 are unaffected.
Be aware {that a} operate parameter can have soiled increased order bits if known as by a malicious entity,
and the identical is true for knowledge returned from capabilities of contracts deployed by malicious entities.
After having screened numerous contracts, we deem this bug to have an effect on solely a really tiny variety of
good contracts, if any in any respect, as a result of the common makes use of of the exponentiation operator don’t result in the bug.
This bug was discovered by nweller.
Reminiscence Corruption in Multi-Dimensional Array Decoder
- Probability of incidence: low
- Exploitability: medium
- Discoverability by assessments: excessive
- Launched in model: 0.1.4
- Fastened in model: 0.4.22
Abstract: Calling capabilities of different contracts that return multi-dimensional fixed-size arrays ends in reminiscence corruption.
If Solidity code calls a operate that returns a multi-dimensional fixed-size array,
the returned ABI-encoded knowledge needs to be transformed to Solidity’s inner illustration
of arrays. In Solidity, multi-dimensional arrays are applied as arrays of
reminiscence pointers, whereas within the ABI, the info is encoded inline.
The decoder didn’t take this distinction under consideration with the outcome that the returned
parts are interpreted as reminiscence pointers and thus could cause reminiscence
corruption if the return values are accessed. Calling capabilities with multi-dimensional
fixed-size array arguments is unaffected as is returning fixed-size arrays from operate calls
if they aren’t utilized in a Solidity contract.
The bug is simply within the element that decodes a multi-dimensional fixed-size array
that’s returned from a operate name from Solidity.
This bug was discovered by jmahhh.
Invalid Encoding of Structs in Occasions
- Probability of incidence: low
- Exploitability: low
- Discoverability by assessments: excessive
- Launched in model: 0.4.17
- Fastened in model: 0.4.25
Abstract: Structs as occasion parameters are usually not dealt with correctly.
Structs weren’t meant to be supported as occasion parameters with out the brand new ABI encoder.
The compiler did settle for them nonetheless, however encoded their reminiscence handle as an alternative of their precise worth.
Even with the brand new ABI encoder, structs can’t be listed occasion parameters.
Now, structs are correctly disallowed for the outdated encoder and if they’re listed additionally for the brand new encoder.
